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Why some businesses win: competitive advantage and the economics of strategy

Does a bakery chain earn its cost of capital?

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The prompt

Illustrative numbers. A bakery chain in Spain has EUR 10 million invested in its shops, ovens and stock. Its operating profit (EBIT) is EUR 2 million a year and the tax rate is 25 percent. It is funded 40 percent by bank loans at 6 percent interest and 60 percent by owners, who expect 12 percent a year for the risk. Interest is tax deductible. Does the chain create value, and how much a year?

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